Running Windows applications on a Mac has traditionally been facilitated by solutions like Boot Camp and Parallels Desktop. With Apple's transition to ARM-based M1 and M2 chips, Parallels Desktop has emerged as a leading virtualization tool. However, for users seeking a free, open-source alternative, UTM offers a compelling option.

Background

Parallels Desktop is a commercial virtualization software that enables Mac users to run Windows and other operating systems seamlessly alongside macOS. It has been optimized for Apple's hardware, providing robust performance and a user-friendly experience. In contrast, UTM is an open-source virtualization tool built upon the QEMU emulator, designed to run on both Intel and Apple Silicon Macs. UTM supports a wide range of operating systems, including various Linux distributions and older versions of Windows.

Performance and Compatibility

Parallels Desktop is renowned for its high performance, especially on Apple Silicon Macs. It offers features like Coherence mode, allowing Windows applications to run as if they were native macOS apps. Parallels also supports DirectX 11 and OpenGL 3, enhancing graphics performance for tasks such as gaming and 3D rendering.

UTM, while versatile, may not match Parallels in performance. It utilizes QEMU for emulation, which can result in slower performance, particularly for resource-intensive tasks. Additionally, UTM currently lacks support for 3D graphics acceleration, making it less suitable for gaming or applications requiring advanced graphics capabilities. (macworld.com)

User Experience

Parallels Desktop offers a polished interface with guided setups, making it accessible even for users with limited technical expertise. It provides seamless integration between macOS and Windows, including features like drag-and-drop file sharing and shared clipboard.

UTM's interface is more utilitarian and may require a higher level of technical knowledge to set up and configure virtual machines. While it supports a broad range of operating systems, the setup process can be more complex, and it lacks some of the convenience features found in Parallels. (macworld.com)

Cost Considerations

Parallels Desktop operates on a subscription model, with annual fees that can add up over time. However, it offers a comprehensive set of features and dedicated customer support.

UTM is free to use, with an optional paid version available on the Mac App Store that includes automatic updates and supports the development of the project. This makes UTM an attractive option for users seeking a cost-effective solution. (macworld.com)

Conclusion

For users seeking a free, open-source solution to run Windows on a Mac, UTM provides a viable option, especially for those with technical expertise who can navigate its setup process. However, for users prioritizing performance, ease of use, and advanced features, Parallels Desktop remains the superior choice.